major breeding objectives of sorghum crop

University of Delhi. The rainy season (kharif) sorghum grain is used both for human consumption and livestock feed and post-rainy season (rabi) produce is used primarily for human consumption in our country.Thus, it is the key for the sustenance of human and livestock population. The message I remember was "select your audience and write to it. To identify crop improvement objectives in twelve important field crops (rice, wheat, maize, sorghum, pearlmillet, pigeonpea, chickpea, mungbean, cotton, potato, mustard and soybean) that are grown extensively in India, we conducted a survey amongst plant breeders, pathologists, entomologists and agronomists specializing in each of these identified crops. Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench], originating from tropical and subtropical regions of Africa, is adapted to arid, semi-arid, sub-humid and humid environments (Smith and Frederiksen 2000).Sorghum is considered to be one of the hardiest crops to heat and drought stress conditions (Doggett 1988; Blum 2004; Smith and Frederiksen 2000).Eighty percent of sorghum in the world is grown under dry . scientific plant breeding. The main objectives in sorghum breeding worldwide include high grain yield , resistance to major yield-limiting diseases and pests , drought tolerance [39-41], cold tolerance , and tolerance to the other abiotic stresses [43, 44]. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is an important staple crop in South Sudan.Current rice consumption in the country is approximately 23,000 mg year −1 of which more than 75% is imported. screening techniques, Breeding for low toxic substance, practical achievements. 3. . 1 Review. While preparing the first edition of this textbook I attended an extension short course on writing agricultural publications. Despite high productivities, these crops fall well short of the theoretical maximum solar conversion efficiency of 6%. Grain sorghum is the fifth most important cereal in the world, with a nutritional profile similar to corn. Funding: The Agriculture and Food Research Initiative competitive grant (2011-03587) from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture, the National Science Foundation grant IOS-1238142, the Kansas State University Center for Sorghum Improvement, the Iowa State University Raymond F. Baker Center for Plant Breeding, and the Iowa State . Genome organization and cytogenetics of important crop species- wheat, maize, rice, sorghum, Brassica, cotton, But as a crop sorghum offers proven versatility, hardiness, dependability, and stability of yield under very adverse . selected crops (rice, maize, sorghum, pearl millet, pigeon pea, mungbean, soybean, . (Gupta,2001). Theory Centers of origin, distribution of species, wild relatives in different cereals; pulses; oilseeds; fibres; fodders and cash crops . Objective 3: Develop improved grain sorghum and non-grain, energy sorghum breeding lines with high grain or biomass yield potential under high abiotic stress environments. Improving sorghum adaptation in West Africa with genomics-enabled breeding. Sorghum is the second most important cereal after maize with 22% of total cereal area. 12 13 Seed production technology in self pollinated crops-Rice wheat, Cross pollinated -Maize, Sorghum Vegetatively propagated crop. Allogamous Mating System. Objectives: The specific objectives of this project were to: (1) annotate genes, pathways and regulatory networks identified in the sorghum genome sequence that are important for biomass generation, and (2) identify, map and clarify the function of trait loci that modulate accumulation and quality of biomass in sorghum. 84, NO. Plant Breeding Practices in Sorghum Cultivated Species: A) Grain Sorghum: Sorghum bicolour L Moench ( 2n=20) B) Forage Sorghum: Sorghum halpepense (2n=40) Sorghum Sudanese (2n=20) Sorghum bicolar (2n-2x-20) comes fifth after wheat, maize, rice, and barley in both area and production. addition to the main kharif crop. Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) and cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) are the summer crops traditionally grown in the rainfed or supplementary irrigated areas of the semi-arid southern Great Plains.Both crops have the ability to withstand periods of water deficit and to yield an economic return to the farmer. Improving the productivity, resilience and quality of cereal crops is a major leverage point for development in West Africa because of the potential for impacts in regional trade, rural food security, and the health of women and children. Pearl millet Pennisetum americanum 3. 10) Study of field techniques for seed production and hybrid seeds production in Kharif crops. Mott Grass Napier purpureum Winter fodders 9. Genetic Variability and Divergence in Sorghum: Review Werkissa Yali Kebbede* Department of Horticulture and Plant Science, Ambo University, Ambo, P.O., Box 19, Ethiopia 1. The rainy season (kharif) sorghum grain is used both for human consumption and livestock feed and post-rainy season (rabi) produce is used primarily for human consumption in our country.Thus, it is the key for the sustenance of human and livestock population. Method Though there is seed set in this crop, they do not mature simultaneously. incomes. Sorghum is a widely adapted energy crop for biofuel production. 01. Among the biotic constraints, weevil attack is the most devastating causing yield reduction ranging between 15 and 77%. Breeding goals for sorghum. Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor(L.)Moench.) Study in respect of origin, distribution of species, wild relatives an d forms and major breeding procedures of Rice and Maize. Resistance to lodging, pest, disease, and abiotic stresses related to cell wall components is well documented, and quantitative trait loci were . 2 Quality refers to the suitability or fitness of an economic plant product in relation to its end use. Aims and objectives of Plant Breeding Plant breeding is an art and science, which tells us ways and means to change the genetic architecture of plants so as to attain a particular objective. 2. Genetic Information Transfer. Scientific name: Sorghum bicolor Common names: Grain sorghum, Mabele, Amazimba, Amabele Origin and distribution Sorghum is the 5th most important grain crop after wheat, maize, rice and barley. Objectives. Newly bred sorghum lines, including 36 lines falling in 5 different categories, i.e. Sorghum is not of Indonesian origin so that the available plant genetic variability was low. is an important cereal crop, particularly in the world's semi-arid tropics. Millets - sorghum origin distribution of species wild relatives and forms breeding objectives - major breeding procedures for development of hybrids / varieties 6. Yield is a complex characteristic, yet it is typically the most important breeding objective for all crop types. Major achievements of Plant Breeding Development of dwarf and semi dwarf cereal varieties . Bennetzen et al., 1998) can be used to develop molecular tools for MAS in perennial forage grass breeding programs. February 2003. 2. It has been shown that plant Current Science 84 (3) Authors: Anil Grover. 6 sorghum - sorghum bicolour 32-37 7 finger millet - ragi 38-40 8 pearl millet 41-44 9 vargu (kodo millet) 45-46 10 pulses 47-52 11 black gram (urad, ulundu) 53-58 12 cowpea 59-61 13 oilseeds 62-66 14 gingelly (til, ellu) 67-71 15 castor 72-78 16 fibre crops 79-83 17 jute 84-86 18 breeding forage crops 87-92 19 sugar cane 93-94 Definition of quality varies according to our needs from the viewpoint of seeds, crop growth, crop product, post-harvest technology, consumer preferences, cooking quality, keeping quality, transportability etc. IMPACTS OF PLANT BREEDING IN CROP IMPROVEMENT The achievements of plant breeders are numerous, and can be grouped into several major areas of Plant breeding can be accomplished through many different techniques ranging from simply selecting plants with desirable CROP SCIENCES-I (1.1 Genetics & Plant Breeding, 1.2 Seed Science & Technology) . Serious improvement work in crops other than cotton started in the second half of the 20th century and it is sustained for crops like sorghum, maize, millet, sesame and groundnut. Module: I. Heterosis and Hybrid Seed Production in Agronomic Crops Book Description : Heterosis and Hybrid Seed Production in Agronomic Crops discusses how heterosis or "hybrid vigor" has played a major role in improving crop productivity and quality in order to feed the ever-increasing human population, particularly in developing countries. Sorghum is a drought- and heat-tolerant crop that can help meet global needs for food, feed, and fuel. Plant breeding can be accomplished through many different techniques ranging from simply selecting plants with desirable CROP BREEDING, GENETICS & CYTOLOGY Biplot Analysis of Test Sites and Trait Relations of Soybean in Ontario Weikai Yan and Istvan Rajcan* ABSTRACT this reason, MET are conducted throughout the world Superior crop cultivars must be identified through multi-environ- for major crops every year in which multiple traits and First maize hybrid was released in India in 1957. To conduct a best-practice regional trial program to identify the best new germplasm. 2. 3. It is a major food crop in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia and is the staple food for the most food-insecure people in the world (Bibi et al., 2010). of the other crops. Protandry/Protogyny. Besides yield and agronomic traits, the improvement of cold tolerance is a major breeding objective for Central Europe. Thus, breeding procedures applicable to both self- and cross-pollinated crops can be deployed to sorghum improvement. Generally, "a successful variety is one with total balance of traits that […] Approach: Objective 1 . Develop models to predict post-senescence field losses of biomass, crop moisture, and . Millets - bajra and ragi origin distribution of species wild relatives and To identify crop improvement objectives in twelve identified in relation to regional needs were compared important field crops (rice, wheat, maize, sorghum, pearl- with the objectives identified at the national level and the millet, pigeonpea, chickpea, mungbean, cotton, potato, findings are highlighted in this article. These cereals are grown over an area of 98.6 m ha producing 162 m tons. Globally, it produces approximately 70 million tons of grain from about 50 million ha o f land. Newly bred sorghum lines, including 36 lines falling in 5 different categories, i.e. 8 Breeding objectives: (1) Higher yield (2) Adaptability and stability (3) Early . a Major Subject Group] 01. The project, which covers cowpeas, pearl millet, sorghum and the bambara groundnut, was jointly sponsored by the IAEA and the United Nations' Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO), in conjunction with the Namibian . It is the world's fifth sorghum breeding program. The objective of this study was to assess the genetic diversity and analyze population structure of sorghum landraces grown in East and west Hararghe Zones of Oromia Regional state, Ethiopia based on SSR markers. Cotton is the world's leading cash crop, but it lags behind other major crops for marker-assisted breeding that underlies a need for characterization, tagging, and utilization of existing natural . 3, 10 FEBRUARY 2003 Breeding objectives and requirements for producing transgenics for major field crops of India Anil Grover † and Deepak Pental* †Department of Plant Molecular Biology and *Department of Genetics, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Del hi 110 021, India Major fodder crops in Pakistan Summer fodders 1. Thus, the chief objective of plant breeding is to develop such improved varieties of crop plants that will be commercially successful. Springer Science & Business Media, Apr 17, 2013 - Science - 724 pages. L. In order to differentiate between sweet and bitter sorghum production in crop estimates, the Sorghum Forum should supply the Crop Estimates Committee with a detailed address list of all sorghum producers M. Government should support and continue the promotion of indigenous produce and assist in enhancing the status of indigenous foods. 8) Maintenance breeding of different Kharif crops. Biomass with low lignin, high cellulose, and high hemicellulose contents are exploited to attain maximum biofuel production efficiency. Adaptappropriate crop modelsto predictswitchgrass and biomass sorghum biofuel feedstock productivity across diverse environmental conditions. S.S Hybrid Sorghum X Sudangrass 6. It is the dietary staple Deepak Pental . Sorghum Sorghum bicolor L. 2. 12 . Currently, sorghum is the third important cereal crop in both area coverage and production becoming the second The desired yield increase, as well as stability, are closely linked to many other breeding objectives, such as resistance or nutrient efficiency. There is a lack of current information on sorghum production constraints and varietal trait preferences in the major sorghum production areas in Uganda. Develop and popularize integrated crop production technologies and plant protection practices to major insect and diseases; Identification of diversified sources of multiple resistances to key pests and diseases and use in breeding; Promotion of organic farming and development of profitable inter-cropping systems to render sorghum based . d. mating system of the crop species. 2011). Guar/Cluster bean Cyamopsis tetragonoloba 8. In this manner, comparisons of macrocolinearity (cf. Cowpeas Vigna ungiculata 7. Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is one of the major food crops serving millions of people in the semi-arid regions of the world but its production is curtailed by anthracnose, among other challenges.Breeding high yielding and anthracnose resistant sorghum cultivars is an overriding goal for water-limited environments that experience high humid conditions, including Ethiopia. It is one of the most important food crop in the semi […] Systems of Reproduction in Crops. Objectives Objective 1. At present there is an active breeding programme for all the major crops in Sudan carried out by both public and private institutes. Numerous traits contribute to drought tolerance in both sorghum and cotton. For Indonesia, sorghum is still regarded as a minor crop and its cultivation was limited and mostly grown by the local farmers in a specific region. Sorghum Breeding in ICRISAT • Sorghum improvement started in 1972 • Breeding concepts and objectives and the mode of research involving partners have undergone several changes since the initiation of sorghum improvement at ICRISAT and the evolution can be grouped into six major phases- 1. Berseem Trifolium alexandrinum 10 Alfalfa Medicago sativa . We investigated farmers' perceived rice production and productivity constraints and choice of rice ideotypes across rainfed and irrigated rice agro-ecologies in South Sudan to guide breeding and policy interventions. Use national collections of germplasm to identify, characterize, and exploit superior physiological traits that enhance stress tolerance and increase yield in row crops, such as cotton, maize, peanut, and sorghum, to optimize crop production strategies in water-limited management systems. Sorghum growers across Africa's dry-land regions face a common, relentless foe — striga. The major focus of the grain sorghum research in the semi-arid regions of Kansas is to increase hybrid grain yield potential through the development of elite parental lines and hybrids with pre- and post-flowering drought, heat and cold tolerance, non-lodging and disease (Fusarium stalk rot, charcoal rot and grain mold) and pest (sugarcane aphids) resistance by integrating classical and . The project has three main objectives: To support (through pre-breeding) the development of commercial sorghum hybrids that will improve productivity and sustainability in existing production areas and in the western margins of the crops current range. The most productive C4 food and biofuel crops, such as Saccharum officinarum (sugarcane), Sorghum bicolor (sorghum) and Zea mays (maize), all use NADP-ME-type C4 photosynthesis. Course Syllabus. It is indigenous to Africa. Improving the yield and quality of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) forage for livestock feeding is a major breeding objective, because of sorghum's inherently high biomass accumulation, high productivity per unit water utilized and its ability to produce a ratoon crop after harvesting of the plant crop. Maize Zea mays 4. Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is the main food staple grain widely cultivated in sub-Sharan Africa including Uganda. Defining breeding goals is must for any plant breeder before start of the work. A desired yield can therefore be achieved in different ways. is the third-largest cereal grain crop grown in the United States due to its drought tolerance and adaptability across different climatic conditions (USGC, 2018). plant-breeding activities are normally organized around specific crops, there are chapters describing breeding procedures and objectives for the major crop plants; the crops were chosen for their economic importance or diversity in breeding sys tems. Sorghum is an important crop of resource poor, small and marginal farmers in semi-arid regions. INTRODUCTION Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench], a cultivated diploid (2n = 20) tropical cereal C4 grass plant, is the fifth most important cereal crop grown in the world. Development of hybrid varieties in maize, sorghum and pearl millet enhanced the production of these crops in the country. Sorghum (Sorghum spp.) Cereals like Sorghum, Millets, Wheat, Maize and Rice are major staple foods of the most population. SPECIAL SECTION: TRANSGENIC CROPS 310 CURRENT SCIENCE, VOL. In addition to grain, sorghum is also grown for biofuel, forage and silage, and syrup production. Improving the yield and quality of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) forage for livestock feeding is a major breeding objective, because of sorghum's inherently high biomass accumulation, high productivity per unit water utilized and its ability to produce a ratoon crop after harvesting of the plant crop. . Many races of the cereal are grown in almost all zones but the Plant Reproductive Systems. Four plant breeders, Steve Baenziger, David Baltenspurger, Jeff Pedersen and Ken Russell breed different grain crops grown in Nebraska. The crops have been adapted to Namibian conditions by local agricultural scientists using the induced mutation breeding method. Sorghum is an important income and food security crop for those living in drought-prone regions of Uganda. Objectives: 1. N. 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